The European Union’s push for green mobility is set to become a decisive driver of transformation in the Italian transport sector. As part of the European Green Deal, Brussels has intensified pressure on member states to reduce emissions and promote sustainable transport solutions.

Key initiatives include stricter CO₂ standards under the Euro 7 regulation, emission trading systems, and legislative support for alternative fuel infrastructures, alongside strategies for smart and sustainable mobility.

This article focuses on how these EU directives are shaping Italy’s heavy-duty vehicle market, particularly buses, which represent a substantial share of road transport emissions.

Achieving the ambitious targets—45% emission reduction by 2030, 65% by 2035, and 90% by 2040—requires a comprehensive shift toward zero-emission technologies. Public Transport Companies (PTCs) are already responding by introducing electric, hybrid, and hydrogen-powered vehicles, though adoption is constrained by high upfront costs, infrastructure needs, and the need for specialised operational and maintenance skills.

The Italian context presents additional challenges, including an ageing bus fleet, fragmented PTC structures, and limited financial margins. Yet, recent investments, public funding initiatives, and pilot projects, such as FNM Group’s hydrogen-powered rail and bus programme in Lombardy—illustrate both the opportunities and complexities of this transition. Navigating these changes demands not only technological innovation but also strategic governance, workforce development, and a coordinated approach across operators, regulators, and local stakeholders.

By examining the environmental, economic, and organisational aspects of Italy’s green mobility shift, this study highlights the critical role of planning, infrastructure, and policy alignment in achieving sustainable transport goals.

Download the position paper to gain a clear, strategic perspective on threats and opportunities for Italian PTCs to use green buses.